 | Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition |  |
Reminder: Tables list keystrokes, command name, and description. C- indicates the Control key; M- indicates the Meta key.
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-x C-f | find-file | Find file and read it. |
| C-x C-v | find-alternate-file | Read another file; replace the one read currently in the buffer. |
| C-x i | insert-file | Insert file at cursor position. |
| C-x C-s | save-buffer | Save file. (If terminal hangs, C-q restarts.) |
| C-x C-w | write-file | Write buffer contents to file. |
| C-x C-c | save-buffers-kill-emacs | Exit Emacs. |
| C-z | suspend-emacs | Suspend Emacs (use exit or fg to restart). |
Some words are emphasized in the Action column to help you remember the binding for the command.
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-f | forward-char | Move forward one character (right). |
| C-b | backward-char | Move backward one character (left). |
| C-p | previous-line | Move to previous line (up). |
| C-n | next-line | Move to next line (down). |
| M-f | forward-word | Move one word forward. |
| M-b | backward-word | Move one word backward. |
| C-a | beginning-of-line | Move to beginning of line. |
| C-e | end-of-line | Move to end of line. |
| M-a | backward-sentence | Move backward one sentence. |
| M-e | forward-sentence | Move forward one sentence. |
| M-{ | backward-paragraph | Move backward one paragraph. |
| M-} | forward-paragraph | Move forward one paragraph. |
| C-v | scroll-up | Move forward one screen. |
| M-v | scroll-down | Move backward one screen. |
| C-x [ | backward-page | Move backward one page. |
| C-x ] | forward-page | Move forward one page. |
| M-> | end-of-buffer | Move to end-of-file. |
| M-< | beginning-of-buffer | Move to beginning of file. |
| (none) | goto-line | Go to line n of file. |
| (none) | goto-char | Go to character n of file. |
| C-l | recenter | Redraw screen with current line in the center. |
| M-n | digit-argument | Repeat the next command n times. |
| C-u n | universal-argument | Repeat the next command n times. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Del | backward-delete-char | Delete previous character. |
| C-d | delete-char | Delete character under cursor. |
| M-Del | backward-kill-word | Delete previous word. |
| M-d | kill-word | Delete the word the cursor is on. |
| C-k | kill-line | Delete from cursor to end-of-line. |
| M-k | kill-sentence | Delete sentence the cursor is on. |
| C-x Del | backward-kill-sentence | Delete previous sentence. |
| C-y | yank | Restore what you've deleted. |
| C-w | kill-region | Delete a marked region (see Section 10.3.4, "Paragraphs and Regions"). |
| (none) | backward-kill-paragraph | Delete previous paragraph. |
| (none) | kill-paragraph | Delete from the cursor to the end of the paragraph. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-@ | set-mark-command |
Mark the beginning (or end) of a region. |
| C-Space | (Same as preceding) | (Same as preceding) |
| C-x C-p | mark-page | Mark page. |
| C-x C-x | exchange-point-and-mark | Exchange location of cursor and mark. |
| C-x h | mark-whole-buffer | Mark buffer. |
| M-q | fill-paragraph | Reformat paragraph. |
| (none) | fill-region | Reformat individual paragraphs within a region. |
| M-h | mark-paragraph | Mark paragraph. |
| M-{ | backward-paragraph | Move backward one paragraph. |
| M-} | forward-paragraph | Move forward one paragraph. |
| (none) | backward-kill-paragraph | Delete previous paragraph. |
| (none) | kill-paragraph | Delete from the cursor to the end of the paragraph. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-g | keyboard-quit | Abort current command. |
| C-x u | advertised-undo | Undo last edit (can be done repeatedly). |
| (none) | revert-buffer | Restore buffer to the state it was in when the file was last saved (or auto-saved). |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-t | transpose-chars | Transpose two letters. |
| M-t | transpose-words | Transpose two words. |
| C-x C-t | transpose-lines | Transpose two lines. |
| (none) | transpose-sentences | Transpose two sentences. |
| (none) | transpose-paragraphs | Transpose two paragraphs. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
| M-c | capitalize-word | Capitalize first letter of word. |
| M-u | upcase-word | Uppercase word. |
| M-l | downcase-word | Lowercase word. |
| M- - M-c | negative-argument; capitalize-word |
Capitalize previous word. |
| M- - M-u | negative-argument; upcase-word |
Uppercase previous word. |
| M- - M-l | negative-argument; downcase-word |
Lowercase previous word. |
| (none) | capitalize-region | Capitalize initial letters in region. |
| C-x C-u | upcase-region | Uppercase region. |
| C-x C-l | downcase-region | Lowercase region. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-s | isearch-forward | Start or repeat incremental search forward. |
| C-r | isearch-backward | Start or repeat incremental search backward. |
| Return | (none) | Exit a successful search. |
| C-g | keyboard-quit | Cancel incremental search; return to starting point. |
| Del | (none) | Delete incorrect character of search string. |
| M-C-r | isearch-backward-regexp | Incremental search backward for regular expression. |
| M-C-s | isearch-forward-regexp | Incremental search forward for regular expression. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| (none) | abbrev-mode | Enter (or exit) word abbreviation mode. |
| C-x a - | inverse-add- global-abbrev |
Define previous word as global (mode- independent) abbreviation. |
| C-x a i l | inverse-add- mode-abbrev |
Define previous word as mode-specific abbreviation. |
| (none) | unexpand-abbrev | Undo the last word abbreviation. |
| (none) | write-abbrev-file | Write the word abbreviation file. |
| (none) | edit-abbrevs | Edit the word abbreviations. |
| (none) | list-abbrevs | View the word abbreviations. |
| (none) | kill-all-abbrevs | Kill abbreviations for this session. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-x b | switch-to-buffer | Move to specified buffer. |
| C-x C-b | list-buffers | Display buffer list. |
| C-x k | kill-buffer | Delete specified buffer. |
| (none) | kill-some-buffers | Ask about deleting each buffer. |
| (none) | rename-buffer | Change buffer name to specified name. |
| C-x s | save-some-buffers | Ask whether to save each modified buffer. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-x 2 | split-window-vertically | Divide the current window in two vertically, resulting in one window on top of the other. |
| C-x 3 | split-window-horizontally | Divide the current window in two horizontally, resulting in two side-by-side windows. |
| C-x > | scroll-right | Scroll the window right. |
| C-x < | scroll-left | Scroll the window left. |
| C-x o | other-window | Move to the other window. |
| C-x 0 | delete-window | Delete current window. |
| C-x 1 | delete-other-windows | Delete all windows but this one. |
| (none) | delete-windows-on | Delete all windows on a given buffer. |
| C-x ^ | enlarge-window | Make window taller. |
| (none) | shrink-window | Make window shorter. |
| C-x } | enlarge-window- horizontally |
Make window wider. |
| C-x { | shrink-window- horizontally |
Make window narrower. |
| M-C-v | scroll-other-window | Scroll other window. |
| C-x 4 f | find-file-other-window | Find a file in the other window. |
| C-x 4 b | switch-to-buffer-other-window |
Select a buffer in the other window. |
| C-x 5 f | find-file-other-frame | Find a file in a new frame. |
| C-x 5 b | switch-to-buffer-other-frame |
Select a buffer in another frame. |
| (none) | compare-windows | Compare two buffers; show first difference. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-c C-c | interrupt-shell-subjob | Terminate the current job. |
| C-c C-d | shell-send-eof | End-of-file character. |
| C-c C-u | kill-shell-input | Erase current line. |
| C-c C-w | backward-kill-word | Erase the previous word. |
| C-c C-z | stop-shell-subjob | Suspend the current job. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-x . | set-fill-prefix |
Prepend each line in paragraph with characters from beginning of line up to cursor column; cancel prefix by typing this command in column 1. |
| (none) | indented-text-mode |
Major mode: each tab defines a new indent for subsequent lines. |
| (none) | text-mode | Exit indented text mode; return to text mode. |
| M-C-\ | indent-region | Indent a region to match first line in region. |
| M-m | back-to-indentation |
Move cursor to first character on line. |
| M-^ | delete-indentation |
Join this line to the previous line. |
| M-C-o | split-line | Split line at cursor; indent to column of cursor. |
| (none) | fill-individual- paragraphs |
Reformat indented paragraphs, keeping indentation. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| (none) | center-line | Center line that cursor is on. |
| (none) | center-paragraph | Center paragraph that cursor is on. |
| (none) | center-region | Center currently defined region. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-x ( | start-kbd-macro | Start macro definition. |
| C-x ) | end-kbd-macro | End macro definition. |
| C-x e | call-last-kbd-macro | Execute last macro defined. |
| M-n C-x e | digit-argument and call-last-kbd-macro |
Execute last macro defined n times. |
| C-u C-x ( | start-kbd-macro | Execute last macro defined, then add keystrokes. |
| (none) | name-last-kbd-macro | Name last macro you created (before saving it). |
| (none) | insert-last-keyboard- macro |
Insert the macro you named into a file. |
| (none) | load-file | Load macro files you've saved. |
| (none) | macroname | Execute a keyboard macro you've saved. |
| C-x q | kbd-macro-query | Insert a query in a macro definition. |
| C-u C-x q | (none) | Insert a recursive edit in a macro definition. |
| M-C-c | exit-recursive-edit | Exit a recursive edit. |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-h a | command-apropos | What commands involve this concept? |
| (none) | apropos | What commands, functions, and variables involve this concept? |
| C-h c | describe-key-briefly | What command does this keystroke sequence run? |
| C-h b | describe-bindings | What are all the key bindings for this buffer? |
| C-h k | describe-key | What command does this keystroke sequence run, and what does it do? |
| C-h l | view-lossage | What are the last 100 characters I typed? |
| C-h w | where-is | What is the key binding for this command? |
| C-h f | describe-function | What does this function do? |
| C-h v | describe-variable | What does this variable mean, and what is its value? |
| C-h m | describe-mode | Tell me about the mode the current buffer is in. |
| C-h s | describe-syntax | What is the syntax table for this buffer? |
| Binding | Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| C-h t | help-with-tutorial | Run the Emacs tutorial. |
| C-h i | info | Start the Info documentation reader. |
| C-h n | view-emacs-news | View news about updates to Emacs. |
| C-h C-c | describe-copying | View the Emacs General Public License. |
| C-h C-d | describe-distribution | View information on ordering Emacs from the FSF. |
| C-h C-w | describe-no-warranty | View the (non)warranty for Emacs. |
|  | |
| 10.2. Typical Problems |  | 10.4. Summary of Commands by Key |
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