Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Index: A

abbreviations for words, vi editor: 17.23. vi Word Abbreviation

commands, using as: 17.24. Using vi Abbreviations as Commands (Cut and Paste Between vi's)

.exrc files, saving in: 17.5. Local Settings for vi

fixing typos with: 17.25. Fixing Typos with vi Abbreviations

abbreviations in pathnames: 1.16. Making Pathnames

absolute pathnames: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

archiving with: 39.3. GNU tar Sampler

creating: 31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

to directory containing new search path: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

Emacs and: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

links to: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links

10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

in shell setup files: 3.7. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

tar, avoiding with: 38.11. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

access control

files (see permissions)

firewalls, using: 46.12. Firewalls

host-based, rsh command and: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

incoming connections, with tcp_wrappers: 46.5. The Director of Operations: inetd

remote access (see ssh)

Samba: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

47.3. Securing Samba

sshd program: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

user-based, xauth command and: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

access method for software package files, choosing: 40.5.1. Choosing the Access Method

access modes for files: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories

14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes

private directory: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories

setting for files with find: 9.12. Finding Many Things with One Command

supplying with mkdir command: 7.8. Making Directories Made Easier

access times for files: 8.2. The Three Unix File Times

-atime operator with find: 9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators

locating files by: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

last-access time, showing: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

accidental file deletion, protecting against: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer

accounting name for commands: 24.8. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

accounts: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

(see also groups; users)

protecting: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability

setup, changing: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

addresses

IP: 46.1.1. Internet Protocol (IP)

displayed with netstart -n: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

displaying with dig: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

hostname mapping to: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

NAT (Network Address Translation): 46.11. Gateways and NAT

46.11. Gateways and NAT

46.13. Gatewaying from a Personal LAN over a Modem

sed editor: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics

TCP and UDP: 46.1.2. Layer 4 Protocols: TCP, UDP, and ICMP

addressing lines for batch editing: 20.3. Line Addressing

adduser (or useradd) utility: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User

Adobe Acrobat Reader and PDF: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (Amanda): 38.14. Industrial Strength Backups

afio utility: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?

age of files: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size

agents

-agent option, ssh: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

compromised machines in DDoS attacks: 48.5. What We Mean by DoS

SSH, problems with: 51.6. Key and Agent Problems

agrep command (approximate grep): 13.1. Different Versions of grep

13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

-d option: 13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

compound searches with: 13.10. Compound Searches

13.11. Narrowing a Search Quickly

multiple patterns with AND (or OR) queries: 13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

AIX

OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH

ps command: 24.5. The ps Command

alias command: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

-d (directory) option: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

-g (global) option in zsh shell: 29.6. zsh Aliases

-m (match) option: 29.6. zsh Aliases

-t (tracked) option: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

Bourne-type shells: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

aliases: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

!* sequence in: 30.8. History Substitutions

Bourne-type shells: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

removing: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

C shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

if-then-else in: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

with command-line arguments: 29.3. C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

for cd command: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

31.9. Quick cds with Aliases

changing to shell functions: 29.11. Shell Function Basics

clean, removing stale files with: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

for constant-width fonts: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font

defined on command lines: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

file-deletion: 14.7. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively

findpt: 13.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match

group-write permissions: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

inside the ($?prompt) test: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

kill command and: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

Korn shell: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

limitations of: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

lr, listing recently changed files: 8.8. A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files

ls command: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases

newer (printing newest filename): 8.15. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File

permission changes, handling with: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

precmd (tcsh shell): 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

prompt set inside: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

for pushd command: 31.8. Nice Aliases for pushd

quoting: 29.3. C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

fixing in csh with makealias and quote: 29.10. Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote

reading logout file when using exit command: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

recursive: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

redefining commands, problems with: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

setprompt: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

shell functions and: 29.11. Shell Function Basics

simulating in Bourne shell: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

sourceable scripts, options for: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

tracked: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

wildcards in: 27.7. Wildcards Inside Aliases

word vectors and: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?

zsh: 29.6. zsh Aliases

alphabetic sorting vs. numeric: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

ALT key in Emacs: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor

alternation in regular expression pattern matching: 32.15. Extended Regular Expressions

41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

alternation operator (|): 13.4. Extended Searching for Text with egrep

13.5. grepping for a List of Patterns

Amanda (Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver): 38.14. Industrial Strength Backups

anacron system: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

anchors (in regular expressions): 32.4. Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

^ and $ anchor characters: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

anchor characters, examples of: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

and (-a) operator, case command: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

AND operator: 9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators

agrep command, searching for multiple patterns: 13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

& (logical AND) operator: 36.21.1. Syntax

&& (Boolean) AND: 20.10.2.1. Patterns

28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons

30.10. Running a Series of Commands on a File

and operator (Boolean): 41.5.1. Scalars

Ange-ftp mode (Emacs): 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

anonymous FTP: 27.16. Here Documents

server, configuring: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

anonymous functions (Python): 42.3.2. Functions

Apache webserver, module for running Python: 42.4. Python and the Web

42.9. mod_python

append command (ex): 20.4. Useful ex Commands

applications

default files for resources: 6.9. Listing the Current Resources for a Client: appres

names of, resources and: 6.7. How -name Affects Resources

relationship with kernel, shell, and utilities: 1.4. Communication with Unix

running remotely and viewing on local display: 6.10. Starting Remote X Clients

appres (application resource) utility: 6.9. Listing the Current Resources for a Client: appres

approximate patterns, searching for (see agrep command)

apsfilter script: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler

apt-get tool: 40.6. Installing Software with Debian's Apt-Get

archives: 39.1. Packing Up and Moving

Amanda system: 38.14. Industrial Strength Backups

copying without asking for password: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network): 41.3. Compiling Perl from Scratch

cpio tape archiver: 38.13. The cpio Tape Archiver

deleted files on tape: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

filename extensions: 1.12. Filename Extensions

packing up and moving files: 39.1. Packing Up and Moving

shell: 1.12. Filename Extensions

tar (see tar utility)

version control systems: 39.4. Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

CVS: 39.7. CVS Basics

RCS: 39.5. RCS Basics

arguments: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

(see also command line; commands)

executing as commands (xarg command): 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

filenames in: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames

finding last: 36.9. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument

iterating shell variables over: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

maximum allowable: 28.17. Dealing with Too Many Arguments

passed to scripts: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

passing lists to other programs with $@: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

Python functions: 42.3.2. Functions

lambdas as: 42.3.2. Functions

reading by shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

separators for: 27.12.1. Special Characters

27.13.2. How Quoting Works

C shell quoting and: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames

inside backquotes: 28.14. Command Substitution

showargs script: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

stored in $1, $2, etc.: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function

too many, dealing with: 28.17. Dealing with Too Many Arguments

arguments too long error message: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

@ARGV array (Perl): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

argv, variables set to: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

arithmetic (built-in) for shells: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

arithmetic operators: 36.21.1. Syntax

array indexes, Perl: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields

arrays

awk utility and: 20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments

Perl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

41.5.2. Arrays

iterating through: 41.5.2. Arrays

lists vs.: 41.5.2. Arrays

operators used with: 41.5.2. Arrays

shell

browsing directories with: 9.23. Using Shell Arrays to Browse Directories

expanding ranges: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges

arrow keys

cursor motion in vi text-input mode without using: 18.11. Text-Input Mode Cursor Motion with No Arrow Keys

Emacs editor, moving around in: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor

mapping in vi: 18.2.2. Text-Input Mode Maps

ASCII: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

(see also non-ASCII characters)

converting to EBCDIC with dd: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd

encoding binary files into: 21.12. Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII

MIME encoding: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding

uuencoding: 21.12.1. uuencoding

end-of-line characters: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

printable representation of unprintable and non-ASCII characters: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

xterm table of characters and character classes: 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes

zeros (NUL characters): 43.12. What Can You Do with an Empty File?

ash shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

27.1. What the Shell Does

aspell utility: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

-a option: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?

Assembly language code extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

assignment operator (=): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

associative arrays: 8.13. Counting Files by Types

41.5.3. Hashes

(see also hashes)

awk utility: 20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments

at commands: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

25.5. The at Command

-l option: 25.7. Checking and Removing Jobs

-r option: 25.7. Checking and Removing Jobs

atq command: 25.7. Checking and Removing Jobs

25.8. Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs

atrm command, removing jobs in queue: 25.7. Checking and Removing Jobs

limiting file size: 15.5.2. Other Ideas

quieting output: 25.6. Making Your at Jobs Quiet

AT environment variable: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

-atime operator (find command): 9.7. The Times That find Finds

atan2 command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

atomic operation, testing for and creating lockfile: 36.27. Shell Lockfile

attribute code (bold, underscore, etc.): 8.6.2. Configuring It

Audio::SoundFile module: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

authentication

PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules): 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

with SMB server: 47.3. Securing Samba

SSH: 51.2. Protecting Access Through SSH

problems with: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

auto-save file (Emacs): 19.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files

autoconf utility: 40.4. Simplifying the make Process

autoincrement (++) operator: 41.5.1. Scalars

autoloading shell functions: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

Korn shells: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell

automake utility: 40.4. Simplifying the make Process

automated deletion commands, risks of: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

automatic directory setup: 31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

automating /bin/passwd: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

autowrite (vi), job control and: 23.6. Job Control and autowrite: Real Timesavers!

awk utility: 20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs

20.10. Quick Reference: awk

-f option: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

arrays and: 20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments

associative arrays: 8.13. Counting Files by Types

centering lines: 21.8. Centering Lines in a File

command-line syntax: 20.10.1. Command-Line Syntax

counting files by types: 8.13. Counting Files by Types

echo command, using with: 36.23.2. Using echo with awk or cut

eval compared to: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

extended regular expressions, use of: 32.4. Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

32.15. Extended Regular Expressions

grep programs: 13.1. Different Versions of grep

lexical analyzer: 16.8. Looking for Closure

line-by-line and search using: 13.10. Compound Searches

line-numbering with: 12.13. Numbering Lines

operators: 20.10.4. Operators

20.10.4. Operators

patterns: 20.10.2. Patterns and Procedures

procedures: 20.10.2.2. Procedures

regular expressions, documentation for: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

running directly: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

searching for a character in a column: 13.13. Finding a Character in a Column

sorting lines by length: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length

straightening columns: 21.17. Straightening Jagged Columns

variables: 20.10.3. awk System Variables

20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments

wrappeing awk programs in shell scripts: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

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