Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Index: R

rand command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

random numbers in nawk (srand): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

ranges

.. (integer-range) operator in zsh: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

character ranges (hyphen-separated): 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

character ranges in regular expressions: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

32.8. Regular Expressions: Specifying a Range of Characters with [...]

expanding: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges

Perl regular expression syntax for: 32.9. Regular Expressions: Exceptions in a Character Set

rc shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

rcp command: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

-r option: 10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r

RCS (Revision Control System): 39.5. RCS Basics

archiving files: 39.4. Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

ci (checkin) command: 39.5. RCS Basics

co (checkout command)

-p option, sending file to standard output: 39.5. RCS Basics

comparing directory with subdirectory, using pr: 21.15.1. One File per Column: -m

Emacs support for: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

file utility, recognizing archives with: 12.6. Finding File Types

listing revision numbers with rcsrevs script: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

merging two or more file versions with rcsmerge and co Ðj: 39.5. RCS Basics

searching files with rcsgrep commands: 13.7. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep

unlocking files: 39.5. RCS Basics

rcsdiff command: 11.3. Context diffs

39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

rcsegrep.fast script: 13.7.2. rcsegrep.fast

rcsgrep command: 13.1. Different Versions of grep

13.7. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep

-a option: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

rcsgrep script: 13.7.1. rcsgrep, rcsegrep, rcsfgrep

RD (Receive Data) light: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?

rdesktop (RDP client for Unix): 47.9.2. rdesktop

read command: 28.9.2. A for Loop

ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands

reading from the keyboard: 35.18. read: Reading from the Keyboard

while loops using: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop

read-only files: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

read-only functions: 29.12. Shell Function Specifics

read permission

changing with chmod: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

for directories: 7.3. Access to Directories

50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions

execute permission without: 50.10. A Directory That People Can Access but Can't List

finding files by: 9.15. Searching for Files by Permission

shell scripts: 50.13. Shell Scripts Must Be Readable and (Usually) Executable

reading files, access time and: 8.2. The Three Unix File Times

reading from terminals

process groups and: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

reading-tar process: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

readline command: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

Readline library

inputrc file: 30.14.5. bash Editing

setup filename, choosing: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

recomment script: 21.4.1. The recomment Script

recovering files

cpio tape archive: 38.13. The cpio Tape Archiver

Emacs, using: 19.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files

vi -r command: 17.19. vi File Recovery Versus Networked Filesystems

recovered buffers, cautions about: 17.20. Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers

recursion, tracing depth of: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

recursive aliases: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

recursive functions: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

recursive permission changing: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

recursive searching with grep: 9.11. Custom -exec Tests Applied

Red Hat Linux (see Linux)

redirect operator (>>): 17.12. Appending to an Existing File

redirecting input and output: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

C shell: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

cat command: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough

commands combined with grouping (( )) operator: 43.7. The ( ) Subshell Operators

cron system output: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

to /dev/null: 43.12. What Can You Do with an Empty File?

FIFOs, using: 43.11. Named Pipes: FIFOs

line numbers in redirected loops: 37.1.5. Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops

to multiple processes: 43.10. Redirecting Output to More Than One Place

noclobber, using: 43.6. Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber

openstandard I/O files without: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

pagers, piping to: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

of programs: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

shell capabilities: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

shell output and errors into temporary file: 37.1.1. Use -xv

standard error (only), piping: 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe

standard input and standard output, using: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

standard output and standard error: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error

Bourne shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

standard output, shell processing of: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

tee program: 43.8. Send Output Two or More Places

redo operator (Perl): 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping

references (Perl): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5.4. References

dereferencing: 41.5.4. References

reformatting text from one window before pasting it into another: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

registry settings for clear text SMB passwords: 47.3. Securing Samba

regular expressions: 13.2. Searching for Text with grep

17.8. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands

32.1. That's an Expression

agrep command: 13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

13.6. Approximate grep: agrep

awk utility: 20.10.2.1. Patterns

egrep command: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?

13.4. Extended Searching for Text with egrep

examples of: 32.19. I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like

expr command

matching parts of strings: 36.23.1. Matching with expr

testing character strings: 36.22. Testing Characters in a String with expr

expressions, understanding: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

extended: 32.15. Extended Regular Expressions

alternation mechanism: 32.15. Extended Regular Expressions

filename-matching patterns vs.: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards

finding lines that don't match a pattern: 13.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match

globally substituting for each match: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

interpreting: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

limiting extent of match: 32.18. Limiting the Extent of a Match

matching a character with a character set: 32.6. Regular Expressions: Matching a Character with a Character Set

matching specific number of sets with { }: 32.11. Regular Expressions: Matching a Specific Number of Sets with { and }

matching words with < >: 32.12. Regular Expressions: Matching Words with < and >

metacharacters: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

32.3. Understanding Expressions

32.4. Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

for different Unix programs: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

pattern context: 32.16. Getting Regular Expressions Right

pattern matching, quick reference: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

replacement patterns: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

search and replace commands: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing

search patterns: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

32.21.1. Examples of Searching

Perl: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

metacharacters in: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

potential problem areas: 32.14. Regular Expressions: Potential Problems

range of characters, specifying with [ ]: 32.8. Regular Expressions: Specifying a Range of Characters with [...]

repeated patterns, matching with ( ): 32.13. Regular Expressions: Remembering Patterns with (, ), and 1

repeating character sets with *: 32.10. Regular Expressions: Repeating Character Sets with *

retrieving only matched text with xgrep script: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

sed editor: 13.11. Narrowing a Search Quickly

addresses: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics

34.5. sed Addressing Basics

delimiting: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression

searching for patterns split across lines: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

sequence of characters, describing: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

showmatch script, testing with: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

simple vs. extended: 32.4. Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

substituting for matches in nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

tar archive files, matching filenames of: 38.10.1. Without GNU tar

wildcards vs.: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards

rehash command: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

resetting command search table: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

relational operators: 36.21.1. Syntax

41.5.1. Scalars

if command, awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

relative pathnames: 1.16. Making Pathnames

31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

creating: 31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

current directory and: 31.3. What Good Is a Current Directory?

links, avoiding invalidation of: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links

in shell setup files: 3.7. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

symbolic links to: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

remainder, modulus (%) operator: 36.21.1. Syntax

remote access

conrolling (see ssh)

disallowing for security: 48.11. Disallow rlogin and rsh

rsh (see rsh)

remote clients, starting for X window systems: 6.10. Starting Remote X Clients

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP): 47.9. Citrix: Making Windows Multiuser

client for Unix (rdesktop): 47.9.2. rdesktop

remote directories, hung terminals and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

remote files

Emacs, opening with: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

shortcut for copying: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

remote logins

status line updates: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

stopping sessions: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

remote restoration of backup files: 38.6.2. Remote Restoring

remote shells: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

(see also rsh; ssh)

setup files for: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

remote tape drive, tar backups to: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

remove option (xrdb): 6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb

removing

command-line arguments: 35.20.2. With a Loop

software packages, dependency conflicts caused by: 40.5.3. Choosing Packages for Installation or Removal

removing files: 14.1. The Cycle of Creation and Destruction

confirmation before deletion: 14.5. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes

deleting directories: 14.16. Problems Deleting Directories

deleting files with odd names: 14.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names

eight-bit filenames: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

filenames starting with - (dash): 14.13. Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (-)

i-numbers, using: 14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number

directory sticky bit permission and: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

emptying files instead of: 15.2. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It

excluding some files from: 14.18. Removing Every File but One

find command and: 14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files

interactively, with file-deletion script or alias: 14.7. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively

rm command

-f option (no confirmation): 14.10. Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f

dangers of: 14.3. rm and Its Dangers

safety techniques for: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer

safe delete program: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons

safer file deletion in some directories: 14.8. Safer File Deletion in Some Directories

selective deletion of: 14.6. Remove Some, Leave Some

stale files, deleting: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

rename function: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

renaming files

directory sticky bit permission and: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

groups of: 10.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files

10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

interactively: 10.10. Renaming a List of Files Interactively

mv command, using: 8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name

with nonprinting characters in names: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames

ownership and: 50.3. Who Will Own a New File?

write access and: 50.9. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access

renice command: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

26.7. Changing a Running Job's Niceness

rep command, vis command vs.: 28.11. Repeating a Time-Varying Command

repeat command: 28.8. Repeating Commands

. (dot), in vi: 17.7. Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers

clearing directory stack with popd: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

repeating commands: 28.8. Repeating Commands

30.1. The Lessons of History

at set intervals: 28.11. Repeating a Time-Varying Command

copy and paste, using: 28.10. Repeating a Command with Copy-and-Paste

cycle of commands: 30.9. Repeating a Cycle of Commands

with history substitution: 30.8. History Substitutions

with variations: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

for loop, using: 28.9.2. A for Loop

foreach loop, using: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

replacement patterns

sed editor, delimiting: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression

special characters in: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

valid regular expression metacharacters for: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

replacements: 20.4. Useful ex Commands

20.4. Useful ex Commands

(see also substitution commands)

confirming in vi editor: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi

global, with vi editor: 17.8.1. Global Searches

patterns, matching for: 17.14. Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)

sed editor

newlines in: 34.9. Newlines in a sed Replacement

referencing portions of search string in: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String

referencing the search string in: 34.10. Referencing the Search String in a Replacement

specifying one match among many possible matches: 34.12. Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many

repositories, CVS archives: 39.7. CVS Basics

modifications, commiting and pushing into: 39.7. CVS Basics

setting up: 39.8. More CVS

reprint character (CTRL-r): 28.2. Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r

requote shell script: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

fmt width option: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

resize command: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size

c or u options to force use of C- or Bourne-shell syntax: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize

xterm windows: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize

RESOURCE_MANAGER property: 6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb

resources

overloaded: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

removing definitions: 6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb

setting for X Window system

resource database manager: 6.5. Setting X Resources: Overview

restart command (lpc): 45.3. Printer Control with lpc

restoring files: 38.6. Restoring Files from Tape with tar

(see also backups; tar utility)

RCS, using: 39.5. RCS Basics

from remote tape drives: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

from tape with tar: 38.6. Restoring Files from Tape with tar

restricted command access (rsh) shell: 27.1. What the Shell Does

restricted shell: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

RETURN characters (in .exrc file for vi editor): 17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

return command

awk utility: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

shell function, use in: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function

reverse order, command history listed in: 30.7. History by Number

reversing patch: 20.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ

reversing sort order: 22.6.6. Reverse Sort

revision control (see CVS RCS)

revision control programs, file versions and: 1.11. Filenames

Revision Control System (see RCS)

revnum shell variable: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

rftp script: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

.rhosts file: 5.22. Running a Single Command with xterm -e

6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

Rich Site Summary files, collecting: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

right-side prompts: 4.11. Right-Side Prompts

rlogin utility: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins

disabling for security reasons: 48.11. Disallow rlogin and rsh

enabling on Mac OS X: 51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X

logging in to host again from same terminal: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

network ports for: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

stalled connection with: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?

rm command: 14.3. rm and Its Dangers

-f option: 14.10. Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f

35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

-i option: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

confirmation of deletions: 14.5. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes

creating -i file for: 14.8. Safer File Deletion in Some Directories

-r option: 14.16. Problems Deleting Directories

excluding files from deletion: 14.18. Removing Every File but One

filenames beginning with - (dash): 14.13. Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (-)

filenames beginning with . (dot): 14.16. Problems Deleting Directories

linked files, deleting: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

links, removing: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links

rf option: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

safety techniques for: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer

rmdir (remove directory) command: 14.16. Problems Deleting Directories

rmstar variable (tcsh shell): 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer

root access

enabling in Darwin: 49.12. Enabling Root in Darwin

logins: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

logins, external: 49.10. Never Log In as root

password, forgetting: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password

providing with sudo application: 49.11. Providing Superpowers with sudo

root directory: 1.16. Making Pathnames

subdirectories located directly off: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

root of a filename (:r string editing operator): 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

root servers (DNS): 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

rot program: 21.21. Rotating Text

route command: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

routers

DSL, firewalls: 46.12. Firewalls

functioning as gateways: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

routing

diagnosing routes with traceroute: 46.4. Where, Oh Where Did That Packet Go?

packets, preventing with firewalls: 46.12. Firewalls

routing tables, displaying with netstart -r: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

RPM, finding and installing packaged software: 40.11. Finding and Installing RPM Packaged Software

rprnt key: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

rsh: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

27.1. What the Shell Does

disabling for security reasons: 48.11. Disallow rlogin and rsh

display option: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

enabling on Mac OS X: 51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X

n option: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

remote tape drive, accessing with GNU tar: 38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

restoring files from remote tape drives: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

rsync program: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One

running reading- or writing-tar on remote system: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

starting remote X clients: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

stopping sessions: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

rsync command: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One

25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

run-parts script: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.

runaway processes: 24.7.2. BSD

killing by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

runsed script: 34.4.2. runsed

rusers command: 35.25.2. Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

rxvt terminal program: 5.9. Working with xterm and Friends

fonts and command-line options: 5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu

login shell, running: 5.10. Login xterms and rxvts

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